The Telescope

The large grid celebrates three moments in telescope history. Each circular clue must be assigned to exactly one of the following three puzzles, though it might also be a valid clue in another:

Galileo Discovers Saturn’s Rings: Draw a closed path within the grid through some of the large dots, following Masyu rules but also alternating dot colors between black and white.
Messier Catalogs the First-known Galaxies: Fill the grid with Spiral Galaxies, where a dot of either size is at the 180-degree rotational center of each galaxy but also where orthogonally-adjacent galaxies must have centers of different colors.
MAGIC Detects Gamma-ray Bursts in the Crab Nebula: Place a digit 1-9 in each grid cell to form a dots-optional Kropki Sudoku using some of the small dots, but also form a 3x3 magic square in three of the nine 3x3 boxes. Not all edges that could have dots will in fact have dots.

The puzzle below is interactive and supports undo/redo. No validation will be performed. You can also print this page for a low-ink/toner version.

Enter Masyu mode by typing M or clicking the purple (top) button. In this mode, draw a path by dragging from one cell to another, or by holding Shift and using the arrow keys.
Enter Galaxies mode by typing G or clicking the green (middle) button. In this mode, color cells by clicking them (or right/Shift-clicking them), or with Space/Shift-Space. You can drag the mouse to color multiple cells.
Enter Kropki Sudoku mode by typing K or clicking the gray (bottom) button. In this mode, type any digit, or hold Shift while typing to toggle candidate digits.
You can color the outer ring of a clue to match the current mode by Ctrl-clicking on it, or use Ctrl-Space and Ctrl-arrows.
You can use WASD in place of the arrow keys (which will be necessary on a Mac since Ctrl-arrows are undetectable)
You can undo with Ctrl+Z and redo with Ctrl+Y.

When all three puzzles are solved, proceed clockwise along the path, and for every cell along the path that is in a galaxy with a black center, shift the corresponding letter in the grid below by the digit in the Sudoku. The starting point is for you to determine.

J	F	N	F	Q	W	L	B	N
M	X	B	K	F	L	H	W	F
K	Q	G	O	H	A	U	J	B
V	X	A	R	K	X	W	L	I
D	I	I	J	S	R	K	U	T
R	M	P	M	N	G	O	R	I
D	Z	C	D	S	S	X	Y	X
C	Z	L	P	S	Y	K	Q	D
E	K	X	Z	J	Y	G	A	T

J	F	N	F	Q	W	L	B	N
M	X	B	K	F	L	H	W	F
K	Q	G	O	H	A	U	J	B
V	X	A	R	K	X	W	L	I
D	I	I	J	S	R	K	U	T
R	M	P	M	N	G	O	R	I
D	Z	C	D	S	S	X	Y	X
C	Z	L	P	S	Y	K	Q	D
E	K	X	Z	J	Y	G	A	T

J	F	N	F	Q	W	L	B	N
M	X	B	K	F	L	H	W	F
K	Q	G	O	H	A	U	J	B
V	X	A	R	K	X	W	L	I
D	I	I	J	S	R	K	U	T
R	M	P	M	N	G	O	R	I
D	Z	C	D	S	S	X	Y	X
C	Z	L	P	S	Y	K	Q	D
E	K	X	Z	J	Y	G	A	T

J	F	N	F	Q	W	L	B	N
M	X	B	K	F	L	H	W	F
K	Q	G	O	H	A	U	J	B
V	X	A	R	K	X	W	L	I
D	I	I	J	S	R	K	U	T
R	M	P	M	N	G	O	R	I
D	Z	C	D	S	S	X	Y	X
C	Z	L	P	S	Y	K	Q	D
E	K	X	Z	J	Y	G	A	T